Plain Cement Concrete (PCC): Foundation Base for Strong Structures

What is Plain Cement Concrete (PCC)?

Plain Cement Concrete (PCC) is a lean concrete mixture made of cement, sand, and coarse aggregate in fixed proportions. It is used as a non-reinforced surface base before laying reinforced concrete (RCC) footings, plinths, and raft foundations.

Common Mix Ratios:

• M7.5 – 1:4:8
• M10 – 1:3:6
• M15 – 1:2:4

PCC provides a firm, level, and clean surface for placing reinforcement cages and ensures moisture insulation from subsoil.

Why is PCC Used in Construction?

How is PCC Made and Laid?

Materials:

• Cement (Ordinary Portland Cement)
• Fine aggregate (sand)
• Coarse aggregate (nominal size: 20mm)

Procedure:

1. Ground preparation:

• Clean, level, and compact the soil surface
• Water is sprinkled for settling fine particles

1. Mixing:

• Manually or using a concrete mixture machine
• Consistent, homogenous blend achieved

1. Pouring:

• Laid directly on prepared ground
• Leveled with a screed board
• Compacted using manual tamping or mechanical vibrators

Civil construction consultants ensure proper water-cement ratio and thickness for site-specific needs.

Measurement of PCC (As per CPWD 1200 Norms)

PCC quantity is measured in cubic meters (m³).

✅ Formula:

Volume = Length × Width × Thickness

This measurement is critical for:

• BOQ (Bill of Quantities)
• Contractor billing and estimation
• Material planning and procurement

Example: For a 4m × 2m footing base with 0.1m thickness:

Volume = 4 × 2 × 0.1 = 0.8 m³

Where is PCC Used?

• Foundation bases (RCC columns, plinths, footings)
• Pavements and industrial floors
• Sub-base for raft and mat foundations
• Drainage channels, ducts, boundary walls

Tips for Quality PCC Work

• Use fresh materials and clean water
• Avoid excessive water which weakens the mix
• Compact and level properly to prevent voids
• Cure the PCC for at least 3–7 days if exposed
• Ensure no honeycombing or segregation

Conclusion: PCC is the First Step Toward Long-Lasting Construction

Plain Cement Concrete is a simple yet essential layer in structural foundations. It sets the stage for safe, strong, and compliant RCC construction. With accurate mix design, surface prep, and curing, PCC ensures:

• Uniform base conditions
• Load stability
• Resistance to subsoil moisture
• Cost-efficient long-term durability

Partnering with an experienced civil engineering consultant ensures:

• Proper mix design and implementation
• Volume estimation and cost optimization
• Quality control and site supervision