Ancient civilizations, including the Chinese, Greeks, and Romans, enjoyed early versions of frozen treats made by mixing fruit juices with snow. However, it wasn’t until the endothermic effect was understood that true ice cream became possible—by lowering the melting point of ice with salt, heat could be drawn from cream to freeze it.
Today, the production of ice cream and frozen desserts has evolved into a high-tech process incorporating advanced machinery and expert formulation—a key focus for food manufacturing consultants and food technology consulting firms.
Key Ingredients in Frozen Dessert Formulation
Fat (10–15%)
- Adds creaminess and improves melting resistance.
- In ice cream: milk fat; in frozen dessert: vegetable fat like hydrogenated coconut oil or palm kernel oil.
Milk Solids Non-Fat (MSNF)
- Derived from skim milk, milk powders, or whey.
- Contributes to texture, emulsification, and nutritional value.
- Optimal ratio: 17 parts MSNF to 100 parts water.
Sugar/non-sugar sweetener
- Standard sugar content: 12–20%.
- In sugar-free variants: sucralose, aspartame, or sorbitol with bulking agents like maltodextrin.
Emulsifiers/stabilizers
- Used at ~0.5% concentration.
- Create uniform texture, bind fats, stabilize air cells, and control ice crystal growth.
- Common sources: algae, wood, or seeds..
Flavors and Colors
- Vanilla, chocolate, and strawberry are the most popular.
- Can be natural or artificial, added before or after pasteurization.
Ice Cream and Frozen Dessert Manufacturing Process
Mix Preparation
- Raw materials (milk, cream, sugar, powders) are blended in a tank.
- Powders are introduced using a mixing ejector, liquids measured directly.
- Heated to 50–60°C for dissolution.
Pasteurization and Homogenization
- Pre-heated to 73–75°C, homogenized at 140–200 bar, then pasteurized at 83–85°C.
- Kills microbes and ensures smooth texture through fat globule reduction.
Ageing
- Mix aged for at least 4 hours at 2–5°C with gentle stirring.
- Enhances fat crystallization and air incorporation.
Freezing and Packaging
- In a continuous freezer, air is whipped into the mix and partially frozen.
- Overrun: 80–100%, meaning up to 1L air per 1L mix.
- Output temp: –8°C to –3°C.
Hardening and Storage
- Passed through a hardening tunnel to reach –20°C core temperature.
- Final packaging in cartons or tubes, either manually or automatically.
Ice cream has come a long way since the first snow cone was made. Innovations in a variety of areas over the past century have led to the development of highly sophisticated, automated manufacturing plants that churn out pint after pint of ice cream. Significant advances in fields such as mechanical refrigeration, chilling and freezing technologies, cleaning and sanitation, packaging, and ingredient functionality have shaped the industry.
New developments in ice cream freezer technology will be likely in the future as freezers are better engineered to control the complex microstructures in ice cream. Current freezers are designed to form ice, create air bubbles, and destabilize fat globules in the short time that ice cream spends in the scraped surface freezer. A better understanding of how to optimize each of these structure developments will lead to more efficient freezer operations.
Conclusion
The journey of frozen desserts and ice cream manufacturing reflects the broader evolution of the food processing industry—from traditional methods to cutting-edge automated systems. Understanding the raw materials, processing steps, and technological advancements not only enhances product quality but also enables food consultants, food manufacturing consultants, and engineering experts to design more efficient, compliant, and scalable production facilities.
As consumer demand grows for diverse, premium frozen products, manufacturers must continue investing in smart process design, hygienic plant layouts, and energy-efficient solutions. With the support of experienced food processing consultants and food plant design experts, companies can build world-class ice cream and frozen dessert lines that meet both domestic and global standards.
For businesses seeking to enter or scale within this sector, collaborating with a trusted food industry consultant like PMG Engineering can ensure success from concept to commissioning.
Reference
- Wikipedia – Frozen Dessert
- Tetra Pak – Ice Cream Handbook
- AllRecipes – Ice Cream vs. Frozen Dessert
- NDTV Food
- ResearchGate – Ice Cream and Frozen Desserts
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