Wastewater Treatment in the Dairy Industry: Methods, Processes, and Zero Liquid Discharge

PMG Engineering Private Limited The End-to-End Engineering Company in Food Industry info@pmg.engineering | www.pmg.engineering Introduction to Wastewater Treatment Competent People. Smarter Work Systems. Exceptional Customer Interactions. 1 PMG Engineering Private Limited The End-to-End Engineering Company in Food Industry info@pmg.engineering | www.pmg.engineering Agenda 1. Wastewater treatment 2. Treatment method 3. Zero liquid discharge 4. Conclusion Competent People. Smarter Work Systems. Exceptional Customer Interactions. 2 PMG Engineering Private Limited The End-to-End Engineering Company in Food Industry info@pmg.engineering | www.pmg.engineering 1. Wastewater Treatment Wastewater from dairy industries is one that has complex characteristics and is considered a challenge for environmental engineers in terms of treatment as well as utilization. A significantly large volume of waste is generated from dairy industries and contains a high amount of pollution of load, terms in organic matter suspended are etc.Dairy produced mainly by cleaning process. particularly solids, industry wastewater Competent People. Smarter Work Systems. Exceptional Customer Interactions. Competent People. Smarter Work Systems. Exceptional Customer Interactions. PMG Engineering Private Limited The End-to-End Engineering Company in Food Industry info@pmg.engineering | www.pmg.engineering EFFLUENT CHARACTERISTIC OF DAIRY PLANT The effluent characteristics from a typical Dairy plant are presented in Table: Competent People. Smarter Work Systems. Exceptional Customer Interactions. Competent People. Smarter Work Systems. Exceptional Customer Interactions. PMG Engineering Private Limited The End-to-End Engineering Company in Food Industry info@pmg.engineering | www.pmg.engineering 2. Treatment Method Treatment of dairy industry wastewater requires a process that combines mechanical, chemical, and biological treatment measures. Screening, Grit removal, flow equalization, sedimentation or dissolved air flotation are used to reduced suspended solid load from dairy effluent. Biological treatment methods are applied for Reduction of soluble organic matter and disinfection. Competent People. Smarter Work Systems. Exceptional Customer Interactions. Competent People. Smarter Work Systems. Exceptional Customer Interactions. PMG Engineering Private Limited The End-to-End Engineering Company in Food Industry info@pmg.engineering | www.pmg.engineering 2.1 Wastewater treatment in dairy factory The pollution load from Dairy can also be reduced with better water by using the following biological treatment (anaerobic and aerobic). The conventional system of treating wastewater is by Activated Sludge Process (ASP) from various units of a dairy plant. The various units include Bar Screen, Skimming Tank, Equalization Basin, Aeration Unit, Clarifier, and Sludge Drying Beds. Treatment method : 1. Anaerobic Lagoon Technique. 2. Anaerobic Digestion. 3. SBR 4. MBBR 5. Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB). 6. Up flow Blanket Filter (UBF). 7. Aerobic Bioconversion. Competent People. Smarter Work Systems. Exceptional Customer Interactions. Competent People. Smarter Work Systems. Exceptional Customer Interactions. PMG Engineering Private Limited The End-to-End Engineering Company in Food Industry info@pmg.engineering | www.pmg.engineering Activated sludge process Activated sludge process Competent People. Smarter Work Systems. Exceptional Customer Interactions. Competent People. Smarter Work Systems. Exceptional Customer Interactions. PMG Engineering Private Limited The End-to-End Engineering Company in Food Industry info@pmg.engineering | www.pmg.engineering 2.2 Aerobic Process • It involves generally the degradation of organic in the presence oxygen. of treatment Conventional sludge, indulges trickling filter, and aerated lagoons activated Competent People. Smarter Work Systems. Exceptional Customer Interactions. Competent People. Smarter Work Systems. Exceptional Customer Interactions. PMG Engineering Private Limited The End-to-End Engineering Company in Food Industry info@pmg.engineering | www.pmg.engineering Aerobes present in Biological treatment Competent People. Smarter Work Systems. Exceptional Customer Interactions. Competent People. Smarter Work Systems. Exceptional Customer Interactions. 9 PMG Engineering Private Limited The End-to-End Engineering Company in Food Industry info@pmg.engineering | www.pmg.engineering 2.3 Anaerobic process Anaerobic treatment is also widely sugar manufacturing industry for wastewater treatment. used in It has so many disadvantage over aerobic process which include the lesser energy required , sludge production which indirectly reduces sludge disposal cost. lesser Competent People. Smarter Work Systems. Exceptional Customer Interactions. Competent People. Smarter Work Systems. Exceptional Customer Interactions. PMG Engineering Private Limited The End-to-End Engineering Company in Food Industry info@pmg.engineering | www.pmg.engineering 3. Physico-chemical method • Physico chemical treatment involves using chemicals which can modify the physical state of colloidal particles which helps in making them more stable and coagulable for further treatment or filtration purposes. • Physico-chemical treatment involves a set of processes which may be consecutively performed in a single unit or in separate units. These processes are coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation. • Coagulation process is integral to neutralizing the charges (usually negative) on the colloid surfaces by the addition of coagulant while rapidly mixing of the wastewater. Ferric chloride, aluminium polychloride, are some of commonly used coagulants. Competent People. Smarter Work Systems. Exceptional Customer Interactions. Competent People. Smarter Work Systems. Exceptional Customer Interactions. PMG Engineering Private Limited The End-to-End Engineering Company in Food Industry info@pmg.engineering | www.pmg.engineering • Flocculation involves the grouping of previously formed flocs or clumps during slow mixing process. This helps in flocs gaining larger volumes and density which will eventually prepare them for sedimentation. • Total suspended solids, biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus, heavy metals, can be successfully removed from wastewater in varying percentages using Physico-chemical treatment. Competent People. Smarter Work Systems. Exceptional Customer Interactions. Competent People. Smarter Work Systems. Exceptional Customer Interactions. 12 PMG Engineering Private Limited The End-to-End Engineering Company in Food Industry info@pmg.engineering | www.pmg.engineering 4. Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) of The focus system. from a • Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) is a treatment process designed to remove all liquid waste to reduce wastewater economically and produce clean water that is suitable for reuse (irrigation), thereby saving money and being beneficial to the environment. Zero liquid • Zero discharge system is meant to treat effluent water in such a manner that discharge water has no TDS (total dissolved solids) and is free from any impurities But practically this is not correct since some TDS (total dissolved solid) will be always available in wastewater after the effluent treatment process. ZLD is • Therefore, the main aim is to recover usable materials such as water and salt from effluent, and; minimize the generation of waste so that it can be safely stored on-site without the need for discharge into the environment it can be reused also. Competent People. Smarter Work Systems. Exceptional Customer Interactions. Competent People. Smarter Work Systems. Exceptional Customer Interactions. PMG Engineering Private Limited The End-to-End Engineering Company in Food Industry info@pmg.engineering | www.pmg.engineering Zero liquid discharge Competent People. Smarter Work Systems. Exceptional Customer Interactions. Competent People. Smarter Work Systems. Exceptional Customer Interactions. PMG Engineering Private Limited The End-to-End Engineering Company in Food Industry info@pmg.engineering | www.pmg.engineering 5. Conclusion 1. The dairy industry is among the most polluting industries as it produces large volume of wastewater that may adversely affect the environment if discharged untreated. 2. Dairy wastewater is characterized by high COD, BOD and nutrient levels. 3. Wastewater can be treated by some Physico-chemical method and biological oxidation methods such as trickling filters, rotating biological contactor (RBC), and activated sludge. 4. Compact solutions Such as zero liquid discharge treats wastewater from industrial processes and recover valuable products during recycling operations. Materials are efficiently removed from the water, or wet material, and reduced to solid waste that can be sold, reused, or more efficiently disposed of. Competent People. Smarter Work Systems. Exceptional Customer Interactions. 15 PMG Engineering Private Limited The End-to-End Engineering Company in Food Industry info@pmg.engineering | www.pmg.engineering Reference 1. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332183222_Wastewater_T reatment_Methodologies_Review_Article 2. https://www.britannica.com/technology/wastewater-treatment 3. https://neoakruthi.com/blog/waste-water-treatment-methods.html 4. https://web.iitd.ac.in/~arunku/files/CVL100_Y16/LecSep1220.pdf Competent People. Smarter Work Systems. Exceptional Customer Interactions. 16 PMG Engineering Private Limited The End-to-End Engineering Company in Food Industry info@pmg.engineering | www.pmg.engineering About PMG Engineering Competent People. Smarter Work Systems. Exceptional Customer Interactions. Competent People. Smarter Work Systems. Exceptional Customer Interactions. 17 We deliver End-to-End Engineering Design and Construction Management Projects in Food and Beverage Industry. Meeting Global Benchmarks In ENGINEERING DESIGN and PROJECT MANAGEMENT for FOOD and BEVERAGE Industry with SINGLE POINT ACCOUNTABILITY Process Engineering | Project Management | Mechanical | Electrical | Automation | Food Safety Key Clients We deliver End-to-End Engineering Design and Construction Management Projects in Food and Beverage Industry. Meeting Global Benchmarks In ENGINEERING DESIGN and PROJECT MANAGEMENT for FOOD and BEVERAGE Industry with SINGLE POINT ACCOUNTABILITY Process Engineering | Project Management | Mechanical | Electrical | Automation | Food Safety Key Clients We deliver End-to-End Engineering Design and Construction Management Projects in Food and Beverage Industry. Meeting Global Benchmarks In ENGINEERING DESIGN and PROJECT MANAGEMENT for FOOD and BEVERAGE Industry with SINGLE POINT ACCOUNTABILITY Process Engineering | Project Management | Mechanical | Electrical | Automation | Food Safety Key Clients