Newsletter | Tech-Knowledge March 2024 Issue 10 | PMG Engineering

Tech-Knowledge March 2024 Issue 10

"A Lightning Protection Unit safeguards structures from lightning strikes by providing a conductive path for the electrical discharge to safely reach the ground. It comprises rods, cables, and grounding systems designed to dissipate the immense energy of a lightning bolt. Transformers are versatile machines that convert electrical energy from one voltage to another, essential for power distribution. Their efficiency and adaptability make them integral in various industries, from electrical utilities to electronics manufacturing.

www.pmg.engineering Vol .03-Issue .10-March 2024 TECH-KNOWLEDGE The Official PMG Engineering Newsletter FOOD & BEVERAGE INDUSTRY ENGINEERING & DESIGN SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A PMG DESIGN+BUILD FOOD FACTORIES. ONE STOP ENGINEERING SOLUTION Vol .03-Issue .10-March 2024 CONTENTS 1. WHITE PAPER A. Lightning Protection Unit B. Transformer 2. INDUSTRY BUZZ Latest Food Industry News Updates 3. WEEKS HIGHLIGHT A Look Into The Main Events Of The Week 4. DID YOU KNOW? Fascinating Food Facts To Expand Knowledge 2-5 6-7 8 9-13 PMG DESIGN+BUILD FOOD FACTORIES. ONE STOP ENGINEERING SOLUTION Vol .03-Issue .10-March 2024 LIGHTNING PROTECTION UNIT Introduction lightning can Lightning is an atmospheric discharge of electricity from thunder, occurs during thunderstorms. The atmospheric discharge travel at speed of light and its temprature can reach upto 30,000 degree celcius. The effect of lightning strike may cause thousands of death every year. It is a natural phenomenon occuring at any day and this discharge produce a wide range of electromagnetic radiation. Lightning protection unit are designed to protect the building structures, industrial appliances, commercial building, HT substation, electrical equipments, communication transmission lines etc from damage effect of lightning strike. It play a very important role in safety from lightning storms. A lightning strike could bring thousands of mega ampere current within milliseconds. As a result, failure of home and industrial appliances, fire in building structures, home etc and may cause death also. Components of lightning protection devices 1.Air terminal Air terminal is used to intercept lightning strike. It provide a low resistance path to lightning strike and it is connected to downconductor and down conductor is connected with earthing electrode which is directly kept into soil mud. Whenever ligtning strike hits, the whole current is discharged through air terminal- which connected to ground electrode instead of building structure. is 2.Downconductor Down conductor provide a low resistive path to lightning current from air terminal to ground electrode. installed vertically and straight to avoid the bending of down conductor. This shall ensure minimum inductance because of resistance in the path of discharging current and surges. It should be important role 3.Grounding in discharging It play a very lightning current. It dissipates all the lightning current into a big mass of soil. The soil resistivity less than 10 ohm for comfortable should be to electrical discharge of current, according standard. A typically earth electrode of copper alloy is deep driven vertically into the soil. Soil have finit conductivity so that current discharges easily. The mixing of charcoal and salt is done in soil pit to decrease the resistivity of soil. PMG DESIGN+BUILD FOOD FACTORIES. ONE STOP ENGINEERING SOLUTION READ MORE.... Vol .03-Issue .10-March 2024 Lightning Arrestor PLATE HEAT EXCHANGER Conclusion , line, system insulations, distribution to protect the These devices are designed transmission switchgears, transformers communication line by the effect of lightning strike. They directly installed to power substation or telecommunication line. It has ground termininal and high voltage terminal and whenever lightning travel along the power line to arrestor then current through surges diverted by arrestor to earth. In telegraphy and telecommunication, is placed where wires enter a structure so that preventing damage instrument and ensuring safety near to them. Their purpose is basically to limit the rise in voltage when power lines are struck by lightning. to electronic it All electrical equipment in an electrical system needs to be protected from voltage surges. The rating of arrestor, the class of arrestor and location of arrestor all play a important role in the surge protection. In protection of substation, we use different class of lightning arrestors to protect the electrical equipment and In ships, water is used to discharge voltage. 1.Station class Typically used in power stations or substations and other high voltages structure and areas. is designed to protect equipment above 20MVA range. It 2.Intermediate class Designed to used in medium voltage equuipment areas, electrical substaions, transformer or other substation equipment and it is designed in range of 1 to 20 MVA. 3.Distribution class Most commonly found on transformers and are commonly used in equipments rated at 1000kva or less. 4.Secondary class Found provide system. in homes and commercial buildings and least amount of protection to electrical PMG DESIGN+BUILD FOOD FACTORIES. ONE STOP ENGINEERING SOLUTION Vol .03-Issue .10-March 2024 TRANSFORMER Introduction level without change It is static device used to step up and step down of in frequency and voltage power. Transformer works on the mutual induction principle. This principle states that when electric current flows in primary winding supply then due to alternating nature of supply voltage, it develops varying nature of flux and whenever varying mutual flux linked to a secondary winding through core then according to faraday law, whenever either conductor cuts a magnetic flux or magnetic flux in conductor, cuts a conductor, EMF produced hence in this way, EMF developed on secondary winding. Types of Transformer 2.Step down transformer level of voltage This transformer decreases from primary to secondary. In this transformer, secondary turns are less than primary turns. It is used mainly in distribution and load side. This transformer has a wide variety of application like distribution side and electronic devices etc. When it comes to operating voltage, the step up transformer application can be roughly divided into two groups: LV (voltages up to 1kv) and HV (voltages above 1kv). Construction of transformer 1.Core The core of transformer is typically built with high permeability materials, such as silicon steel laminations. 1.Step up transformer 2.Conservator than primary It is used to step up the level of voltage. This transformer increases voltage from primary to secondary winding. In this transformer, secondary turns are more This transformer has made long distance transmission power practical because it steps up the voltage and corresponding it decrease current at same ratio hence, due to decreases the current level there is is used in much generally for long distribution. less power line. This losses turns. A cylindrical tank plays a key role in transformer. It is arranged over the main tank roof so that sufficient space can be provided to expand to transformer oil. Once the temperature increases, then oil volume can also be increases, then oil volume can also be increased. Then oil goes to conservator tank after cooling down it returns to main tank. PMG DESIGN+BUILD FOOD FACTORIES. ONE STOP ENGINEERING SOLUTION READ MORE.... Vol .03-Issue .10-March 2024 3.Breather As a temperature of transformer increases, the insulating oil in transformer heats up. When oil heats up and spreads, the transformer breathes air in and oil is cooled down and oil level is consumed. The oil level in chamber rises and reduces as breather brings the air in and out to cool the air. The air carries moisture, which contaminates oil and thus deteriorates the consistency of oil. The breather is packed with silica gel to remove moisture content. 4.Radiator The basic function of radiator is to cool down the transformer oil. Oil immersed power transformer is generally provided with detachable pressed sheet radiator with isolating valves. But in case of small size distributing transformer, the radiators are generally integrated parts of transformer body and projected from main tank. The working principle of radiator is very simple. 5.Bushings Bushings are the insulation system in construction of transformer that enables an electrical conductor to safely transfer electrical energy through it. When a significant volume of electrical energy travel through it, it provides electrical field power to withstand insulation of conductor. 6.Buchholz relay In order to protect of transformer from internal short circuit due to oil, buchholz relay is used for oil immersed transformer, buchholz relay is an oil and gas actuated relay which sense the fault occurring in the part immersed in transformer. Distribution voltages classes and standard ratings of transformer 1.Small transformer They are used for stationary, portable or hand held power supply units. They may be used to supply three phase power up to 40kva at frequencies up to 1mhz. 2. Distribution Transformer They are used to distribute power to domestic premises. They may be single phase or three phase. They have rating ranging from16kva up to 2500kva and this type of transformer like 11, 6.6, 3.3, 440 sand 230V. 3. Supply Transformer They are used to supply larger industrial premises or distribution substations. Ratings ranging from 4mva to 30mva, with primary winding rated up to 66kv and secondary up to 36kv. 4. Transmission transformer largest and highest They are among voltage transformer in use. They are used to transmit power between high voltage networks and Rating ranging from 60mva to 1000mva and winding are rated at 33, 66,132, 275 and 400kv. 5. Power or step up transformer Power is usually generated in large power station at typically 11kv-20kv, and this transformer are used to step up voltage. These transformers are usually rated at 400, 500, 630,800 or 1000mva and transmit power at 66, 110,132,220, 400 and 765kv. PMG DESIGN+BUILD FOOD FACTORIES. ONE STOP ENGINEERING SOLUTION FOOD INDUSTRY INDUSTRY BUZZ The growing importance of copper in Indian kitchens: Copper is here to stay in our kitchens. Kingfisher Ultra Max lifts the bar with the release of their premium draught beer in Karnataka. With its deep reddish-brown colour, copper has long played a significant role in Indian culture. It has been passed down through the years and is valued in Indian households for its inherent health benefits and aesthetic appeal. Recall our grandmothers telling us stories about using their exquisitely wrought copper pots and plates to hold food and water. The ancient Indian holistic medical system known as Ayurveda held copper vessels in high regard due to their ability to improve overall health, strengthen immunity, and facilitate better digestion. Although our knowledge of these advantages has grown, our affection for copper has remained strong. burgeoning The environmentally sensitive renewed fascination with copper. trend and health-conscious of lifestyles has sparked a The release of Kingfisher Ultra Max draught beer in Karnataka has been announced. The beer is known for its exceptional its tremendous success in Punjab and Chandigarh, Kingfisher Ultra Max is poised to improve the Bengaluru and Mysuru consumer experience. taste and premium quality. Following It is the epitome of sophistication and luxury, expertly and thoroughly crafted. Ultra Max Draught Beer is a golden beer with unrivalled taste and strength thanks to its special combination of four hand-selected premium malts that are expertly roasted and go through a rigorous six-step filtration process. United Breweries Limited's chief marketing officer, Vikram "Kingfisher Ultra Max Draught Beer's Bahl, introduction in Karnataka represents a critical turning point in our history. stated: PMG DESIGN+BUILD FOOD FACTORIES. ONE STOP ENGINEERING SOLUTION Artificial coloring in 'Gobi Manchurian' and 'Cotton Candy' is forbidden by Karnataka govt. With HerStore, Britannia Marie Gold continues to support female businesses. the use of artificial "Gobi Because Manchurian" and "Cotton Candy" hurts public health, particularly among youngsters, the Karnataka government has outlawed its use in all 31 districts. colouring in The Food Safety and Quality department claims that samples of the "Cotton Candy" and "Gobi Manchurian" items offered here were gathered and examined in labs. 107 of the 171 "Gobi Manchurian" samples collected had like "Tartrazine," "Sunset dangerous artificial colours Yellow," and "Carmoisine." Out of the 25 Cotton Candy samples gathered, 15 had dangerous artificial colors like tartrazine, sunset yellow, and rhodamine B. Indian women entrepreneurs Britain One of the top cookie companies in India, Marie Gold, has introduced HerStore, a special online community for female entrepreneurs. It is intended to provide a forum for all receive ongoing assistance. The brand's dedication to building a positive digital ecosystem where female entrepreneurs gather and support one another to achieve more and be more is encapsulated in the motto "Saath Judo, Saath Udo." to It has demonstrated its dedication by taking the lead and launching a distinctive marketplace that features only goods and services that women own. Soon, the portal will also provide a full range of workshops, training sessions, and upskilling films designed to provide female entrepreneurs with the know-how and abilities they need to succeed in a changing market. Experience Australia's wonders at Aahar in 2024. To capitalize on the prospects presented by the Australia-India Economic Cooperation and Trade Agreement (AI-ECTA) and the growing Indian middle class's desire for high-quality agri-food products, Australian premium food and beverage companies will present finest offerings at Aahar 2024, establishing connections with Indian enterprises and consumers. their The Australian Trade and Investment Commission (Austrade), in collaboration with the state governments of Victoria and New South Wales, is bringing together twenty-plus Australian firms to exhibit their products at the Australian Pavilion, which will be housed in Hall No.1, Stand No.1G-02A in Aahar 2024. The Australian pavilion at Aahar 2024 will include goods from various categories, including premium health food items, sheep meat, marine and aquaculture, horticulture, cereals, and pulses. PMG DESIGN+BUILD FOOD FACTORIES. ONE STOP ENGINEERING SOLUTION N O N - T E C H N I C A L C O N T E N T WEEKS HIGHLIGHT 8 MARCH MAHASHIVRATRI Mahashivratri is a Hindu festival celebrated annually in reverence of Lord Shiva. It marks the night of his cosmic dance, and creation, destruction. Devotees observe fasting, offer prayers, and engage in rituals to seek blessings and spiritual enlightenment. preservation, symbolizing 8 MARCH INTERNATIONAL WOMEN'S DAY International Women's Day celebrates the social, economic, cultural, and political achievements of women worldwide while advocating for gender equality. It serves as a reminder of the ongoing fight for women's rights and highlights the importance of women's empowerment in all spheres of life. 12 MARCH RAMADAN Ramadan, the holiest month in Islam, symbolizes spiritual reflection, fasting, and community. It's a time for introspection, self-discipline, and compassion towards others. As Muslims worldwide observe dawn- to-dusk fasting and engage in increased prayers and charity, let's embrace the values of unity and empathy. DESIGN+BUILD FOOD FACTORIES. ONE STOP ENGINEERING SOLUTION H C R A M PMG DID YOU KNOW? T E C H N I C A L C O N T E N T 1/3 2/3 Fact 1 Canned foods offer convenience, versatility, and extended shelf life, making them a staple in modern kitchens. From vegetables to meats, soups to fruits, they provide quick and easy meal solutions without compromising nutrition. With advancements in packaging technology, canned foods retain freshness and flavor, offering a reliable source of sustenance for households worldwide. Their accessibility and long-lasting nature make them an essential component of any pantry. 3/3 DESIGN+BUILD FOOD FACTORIES. ONE STOP ENGINEERING SOLUTION Vol .01 Newsletter H C R A M PMG T E C H N I C A L C O N T E N T 1/3 2/3 Fact 2 Chocolate, a beloved indulgence, tempts with its rich taste and velvety texture. Originating from cacao beans, it's crafted into myriad forms, from decadent bars to delicate truffles. Beyond its sensory pleasure, cultural love, comfort, and significance, symbolizing celebration worldwide. With its tantalizing aroma and irresistible flavor, chocolate remains an enduring delight, enticing generations with its timeless allure." chocolate holds 3/3 H C R A M PMG DESIGN+BUILD FOOD FACTORIES. ONE STOP ENGINEERING SOLUTION Vol .01 Newsletter T E C H N I C A L C O N T E N T 1/3 2/3 Fact 3 From essential olive oil to versatile coconut oil, various oils offer unique flavors, health benefits, and culinary uses. Nutritious options like avocado oil boast high monounsaturated fats, while sesame oil adds depth to Asian dishes. Flaxseed oil is rich in omega-3 fatty acids, beneficial for heart health. Each oil brings its own distinct profile, enhancing cooking and promoting wellness in diverse ways. 3/3 H C R A M PMG DESIGN+BUILD FOOD FACTORIES. ONE STOP ENGINEERING SOLUTION Vol .01 Newsletter T E C H N I C A L C O N T E N T 1/3 2/3 Fact 4 fat plays a crucial role Frying in culinary practices, enhancing flavor and texture while influencing the overall quality of fried dishes. Proper selection and management of frying fats are essential to achieve desired results, balancing factors such as smoke point, flavor absorption, and health considerations. From traditional choices like vegetable oils to specialized fats, understanding their properties ensures optimal frying performance and culinary satisfaction. 3/3 H C R A M PMG DESIGN+BUILD FOOD FACTORIES. ONE STOP ENGINEERING SOLUTION Vol .01 Newsletter T E C H N I C A L C O N T E N T 1/3 2/3 Fact 5 Margarine, a versatile alternative to butter, offers a spreadable, flavorful option for cooking, baking, and spreading. Made from vegetable oils, margarine provides a source of unsaturated fats, essential for a balanced diet. With its lower fat content compared to butter, saturated margarine can contribute to heart health when consumed its creamy in moderation. Enjoy texture and rich taste in various culinary creations. 3/3 H C R A M PMG DESIGN+BUILD FOOD FACTORIES. ONE STOP ENGINEERING SOLUTION Vol .01 Newsletter Vol .03-Issue .10-March 2024 PMG ENGINEERING About PMG About PMG Delivering End-to-End Engineering Design & Construction Management in Food & Beverage Industry Meeting Global Benchmarks Process Engineering I Project Management I Mechanical I Electrical I Automation I Food Safety PEOPLE DELIVERING RESULTS Safe-by-choice. First Time Quality. Maximize Value. Objectivity. Ownership. Reliable and Trustworthy Business. MAKING CUSTOMERS THE INDUSTRY LEADERS ENGINEERING MUST CREATE BUSINESS VALUE MEET THE EXPECTATIONS OF ALL STAKEHOLDERS OPTIMAL ENGINEERING Website Link Click Here Follow Us on

PMG Engineering | Build World-Class Food Factories | Newsletter | Tech-Knowledge March 2024 Issue 10